Relevant extracts from the law under which the RC operates:
Power to summon witnesses and take evidence
(1) A member of a Commission may summon a person to appear before the Commission at a hearing to do either or both of the following:
(a) to give evidence;
(b) to produce the documents, or other things, specified in the summons.
ROYAL COMMISSIONS ACT 1902 - SECT 3
Failure of witnesses to attend or produce documents
(1) A person served, as prescribed, with a summons to appear as a witness at a hearing before a Commission shall not:
(a) fail to attend as required by the summons; or
(b) fail to attend from day to day unless excused, or released from further attendance, by a member of the Commission.
Penalty: $1,000 or imprisonment for 6 months.
ROYAL COMMISSIONS ACT 1902 - SECT 6
Penalty for refusing to be sworn or to give evidence
(1) If any person appearing as a witness before the Commission refuses to be sworn or to make an affirmation or to answer any question relevant to the inquiry put to him or her by any of the Commissioners, the person shall be guilty of an offence.
(2) The penalty for an offence under subsection (1) is a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment for a period not exceeding 6 months.
(3) Subsection (1) is an offence of strict liability.
Note: For strict liability, see section 6.1 of the Criminal Code .
ROYAL COMMISSIONS ACT 1902 - SECT 6A
Self incrimination
(1) It is not a reasonable excuse for the purposes of subsection 3(2B) or (5), or section 6AB, for a natural person to refuse or fail to produce a document or other thing that the production of the document or other thing might tend to:
(a) incriminate the person; or
(b) make the person liable to a penalty.
ROYAL COMMISSIONS ACT 1902 - SECT 6DD
Statements made by witness not admissible in evidence against the witness (1) The following are not admissible in evidence against a natural person in any civil or criminal proceedings in any court of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory:
(a) a statement or disclosure made by the person in the course of giving evidence before a Commission;
(b) the production of a document or other thing by the person pursuant to a summons, requirement or notice under section 2 or subsection 6AA(3).
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to the admissibility of evidence in proceedings for an offence against this Act.